hydromorphone hydrochloride injection, USP Dosage and Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Important Dosage and Administration Instructions

•
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection should be prescribed only by healthcare ‎professionals who are knowledgeable about the use of opioids and how to ‎mitigate the associated risks.‎
•
Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration of time consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. Because ‎the risk of overdose increases as opioid doses increase, reserve titration to ‎higher doses of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection for patients in whom ‎lower doses are insufficiently effective and in whom the expected benefits of ‎using a higher dose opioid clearly outweigh the substantial risks.‎
•
Many acute pain conditions (e.g., the pain that occurs with a number of surgical ‎procedures or acute musculoskeletal injuries) require no more than a few days ‎of an opioid analgesic. Clinical guidelines on opioid prescribing for some acute ‎pain conditions are available.‎
•
There is variability in the opioid analgesic dose and duration needed to ‎adequately manage pain due both to the cause of pain and to individual patient ‎factors. Initiate the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient’s underlying cause and severity of pain, prior analgesic treatment and response, and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
•
Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially when initiating and following dosage increases with Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection. Consider this risk when selecting an initial dose and ‎when making dose adjustments [see Warnings and Precautions (5)].
•
Inspect Hydromorphone Hydrochloride for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Do not use if there is any discoloration or precipitate. A slight yellowish discoloration may develop in Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection ampuls. No loss of potency has been demonstrated. Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection is physically compatible and chemically stable for at least 24 hours at 25°C protected from light in most common large volume parenteral solutions.
•
Discard any unused portion in an appropriate manner.

2.2 Initial Dosage

Use of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection as the First Opioid Analgesic

Subcutaneous or Intramuscular Administration

Initiate treatment in a dosing range of 1 mg to 2 mg every 2 to 3 hours as necessary for pain, and at the lowest dose necessary to achieve adequate analgesia. Depending on the clinical situation, the initial starting dose may be lowered in patients who are opioid naïve. Titrate the dose based upon the individual patient’s response to their initial dose ‎of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection.‎

Intravenous Administration

Initiate treatment in a dosing range of 0.2 mg to 1 mg every 2 to 3 hours as necessary for pain control‎, and at the lowest dose necessary to achieve adequate analgesia. Intravenous administration should be given slowly, over at least 2 to 3 minutes, depending on the dose. Titrate the dose to achieve acceptable pain management and tolerable adverse events. The initial dose should be reduced in the elderly or debilitated and may be lowered to 0.2 mg.

Conversion from Other Opioids to Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection

There is inter-patient variability in the potency of opioid drugs and opioid formulations. Therefore, a conservative approach is advised when determining the total daily dosage of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection. It is safer to underestimate a patient's 24-hour Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection dosage than to overestimate the 24-hour Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection dosage and manage an adverse reaction due to overdose. If the decision is made to convert to Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection from another opioid analgesic using publicly available data, convert the current total daily amount(s) of opioid(s) received to an equivalent total daily dose of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection and reduce by one-half due to the possibility of incomplete cross tolerance. Divide the new total amount by the number of doses permitted based on dosing interval (e.g., 8 doses for every-three-hour dosing). Titrate the dose according to the patient's response.

2.3 Dosage Modifications in Patients with Hepatic Impairment

Start patients with hepatic impairment on one-fourth to one-half the usual dose of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection depending on the extent of impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

2.4 Dosage Modifications in Patients with Renal Impairment

Start patients with renal impairment on one-fourth to one-half the usual starting dose of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection depending on the degree of impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

2.5 Titration and Maintenance of Therapy

Titrate the dose based upon the individual patient’s response to their initial dose of Hydromorphone ‎Hydrochloride Injection. Individually titrate Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection to a dose that provides adequate analgesia and minimizes adverse reactions. Continually reevaluate patients receiving Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection to assess the maintenance of pain control, signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal, and other adverse reactions, as well as to reassess for the development of addiction, abuse, or misuse [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.12)]. Frequent communication is important among the prescriber, other members of the healthcare team, the patient, and the caregiver/family during periods of changing analgesic requirements, including initial titration.

If the level of pain increases after dosage stabilization, attempt to identify the source of increased pain before increasing the Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection dosage. If after increasing the dosage, unacceptable opioid-related adverse reactions are observed (including an increase ‎in pain after a dosage increase), consider reducing the dosage [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. Adjust the dosage to obtain an appropriate balance between management of pain and opioid-related adverse reactions.

2.6 Discontinuation of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection

When a patient who has been taking Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection regularly and may be physically dependent no longer requires therapy with Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection, taper the dose gradually, by 25% to 50% every 2 to 4 days, while monitoring carefully for signs and symptoms of withdrawal. If the patient develops these signs or symptoms, raise the dose to the previous level and taper more slowly, either by increasing the interval between decreases, decreasing the amount of change in dose, or both. Do not abruptly discontinue Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection in a physically-dependent patient [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12), Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)].

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Dosage and Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Important Dosage and Administration Instructions

•
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection should be prescribed only by healthcare ‎professionals who are knowledgeable about the use of opioids and how to ‎mitigate the associated risks.‎
•
Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration of time consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. Because ‎the risk of overdose increases as opioid doses increase, reserve titration to ‎higher doses of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection for patients in whom ‎lower doses are insufficiently effective and in whom the expected benefits of ‎using a higher dose opioid clearly outweigh the substantial risks.‎
•
Many acute pain conditions (e.g., the pain that occurs with a number of surgical ‎procedures or acute musculoskeletal injuries) require no more than a few days ‎of an opioid analgesic. Clinical guidelines on opioid prescribing for some acute ‎pain conditions are available.‎
•
There is variability in the opioid analgesic dose and duration needed to ‎adequately manage pain due both to the cause of pain and to individual patient ‎factors. Initiate the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient’s underlying cause and severity of pain, prior analgesic treatment and response, and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
•
Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially when initiating and following dosage increases with Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection. Consider this risk when selecting an initial dose and ‎when making dose adjustments [see Warnings and Precautions (5)].
•
Inspect Hydromorphone Hydrochloride for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Do not use if there is any discoloration or precipitate. A slight yellowish discoloration may develop in Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection ampuls. No loss of potency has been demonstrated. Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection is physically compatible and chemically stable for at least 24 hours at 25°C protected from light in most common large volume parenteral solutions.
•
Discard any unused portion in an appropriate manner.

2.2 Initial Dosage

Use of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection as the First Opioid Analgesic

Subcutaneous or Intramuscular Administration

Initiate treatment in a dosing range of 1 mg to 2 mg every 2 to 3 hours as necessary for pain, and at the lowest dose necessary to achieve adequate analgesia. Depending on the clinical situation, the initial starting dose may be lowered in patients who are opioid naïve. Titrate the dose based upon the individual patient’s response to their initial dose ‎of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection.‎

Intravenous Administration

Initiate treatment in a dosing range of 0.2 mg to 1 mg every 2 to 3 hours as necessary for pain control‎, and at the lowest dose necessary to achieve adequate analgesia. Intravenous administration should be given slowly, over at least 2 to 3 minutes, depending on the dose. Titrate the dose to achieve acceptable pain management and tolerable adverse events. The initial dose should be reduced in the elderly or debilitated and may be lowered to 0.2 mg.

Conversion from Other Opioids to Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection

There is inter-patient variability in the potency of opioid drugs and opioid formulations. Therefore, a conservative approach is advised when determining the total daily dosage of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection. It is safer to underestimate a patient's 24-hour Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection dosage than to overestimate the 24-hour Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection dosage and manage an adverse reaction due to overdose. If the decision is made to convert to Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection from another opioid analgesic using publicly available data, convert the current total daily amount(s) of opioid(s) received to an equivalent total daily dose of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection and reduce by one-half due to the possibility of incomplete cross tolerance. Divide the new total amount by the number of doses permitted based on dosing interval (e.g., 8 doses for every-three-hour dosing). Titrate the dose according to the patient's response.

2.3 Dosage Modifications in Patients with Hepatic Impairment

Start patients with hepatic impairment on one-fourth to one-half the usual dose of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection depending on the extent of impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

2.4 Dosage Modifications in Patients with Renal Impairment

Start patients with renal impairment on one-fourth to one-half the usual starting dose of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection depending on the degree of impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

2.5 Titration and Maintenance of Therapy

Titrate the dose based upon the individual patient’s response to their initial dose of Hydromorphone ‎Hydrochloride Injection. Individually titrate Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection to a dose that provides adequate analgesia and minimizes adverse reactions. Continually reevaluate patients receiving Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection to assess the maintenance of pain control, signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal, and other adverse reactions, as well as to reassess for the development of addiction, abuse, or misuse [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.12)]. Frequent communication is important among the prescriber, other members of the healthcare team, the patient, and the caregiver/family during periods of changing analgesic requirements, including initial titration.

If the level of pain increases after dosage stabilization, attempt to identify the source of increased pain before increasing the Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection dosage. If after increasing the dosage, unacceptable opioid-related adverse reactions are observed (including an increase ‎in pain after a dosage increase), consider reducing the dosage [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. Adjust the dosage to obtain an appropriate balance between management of pain and opioid-related adverse reactions.

2.6 Discontinuation of Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection

When a patient who has been taking Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection regularly and may be physically dependent no longer requires therapy with Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection, taper the dose gradually, by 25% to 50% every 2 to 4 days, while monitoring carefully for signs and symptoms of withdrawal. If the patient develops these signs or symptoms, raise the dose to the previous level and taper more slowly, either by increasing the interval between decreases, decreasing the amount of change in dose, or both. Do not abruptly discontinue Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection in a physically-dependent patient [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12), Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)].

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